U.S. experts find new clue to sudden infant death

CHICAGO (Reuters) – Babies who die from the syndrome of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS by its initials in English) generate small amounts of the brain chemical serotonin, which is essential for regulating sleep, breathing and heart rate, U.S. researchers said.

The results of the study, published in Journal of the American Medical Association, could help identify babies at risk for SIDS, which each year kills more than 2,300 infants before their first birthday.

The team said they have abnormal levels of serotonin may interfere with the breathing of babies, especially in difficult situations, and inspire too much carbon dioxide as they sleep upside down.

“We have known for years that babies sleep on your back is the most effective way to reduce the risk of SIDS,” said Dr. Alan Guttmacher, director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, which funded the study.

“The current findings provide important clues to the biological basis of SIDS and could ultimately allow to identify infants at risk, as are additional strategies to reduce the risk of SIDS in all children,” Guttmacher said in a statement.

In the study, to Dr. Hannah Kinney of Harvard Medical School and Children’s Hospital Boston, examined brain tissue of babies who died of SIDS and other causes.

The tissue came from the bone, a region at the base of the brain that regulates basic functions such as body temperature, respiration, blood pressure and heart rate.

Kinney’s team found that serotonin levels were 26 percent lower in the tissue of babies who died of SIDS than those who died of other causes.

They also found low amounts of the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase, which is needed to make serotonin.

The results suggest that some babies have an underlying vulnerability to SIDS, which can be fatal if combined with an external disturbance such as sleeping face down, especially during the first year of life.

“Our research suggests that sleep triggers the brain defect,” Kinney said in a statement.

“When a baby is breathing on his stomach, could not be receiving enough oxygen. A baby with a normal brainstem flip over his head and wake up. But a child with an intrinsic abnormality may not respond to that stressor,” he added.

The team hopes its study will lead to the creation of a test to measure serotonin levels of infants, allowing to identify children at greatest risk of SIDS.

 

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